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Top 10 Universities in Germany

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Germany is a well-developed country in central Europe, which contains a dynamic landscape of mountain ranges, forests, rivers, and beaches. After Russia, it has the second largest population in Europe. Germany has a strong economy in Europe; hence it provides social security, a universal health care system, and tuition-free higher education. In addition, most of the universities in Germany are the best-renowned universities in Europe, and it offers free education for students. Let’s see the list of the top 10 universities in Germany and their rankings.

Technical University of Munich

TUM, or the Technical University of Munich, is one of Germany’s most prestigious public universities, established in 1868. The historic main campus is situated in Munich, while additional campuses are Garching, Freising, Straubing, Heilbronn, and Singapore. TUM is a technical university with 15 academic schools and departments, mainly focusing on Engineering, Technology, Medicine, and The applied and Natural sciences. There are around 200-degree programs obtainable, including a wide choice of English-taught courses and projects. In 2020/21, it had about 45,000 students.

According to QS World University Rankings 2021, TUM ranks 1st in the top 10 universities in Germany and 50th worldwide.

Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 

LMU or the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich is one of the premier academic and research universities in Germany located in Munich. Established in 1472, it was the 6th oldest university in Germany, which functions continuously. Its greatness in teaching and research accepts various fields – from the humanities and social investigations through The law, Economics, Business administration, and Sociologies to medication and natural sciences. LMU is the 2nd largest university in Germany regarding student population, and it had about 51,000 students in 2018/19. According to QS World University Rankings 2021, LUM ranks 2nd in the top 10 universities in Germany and 63rd worldwide.

Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg

Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, or Heidelberg University, is one of the leading public research universities in Germany. Heidelberg is the oldest university in Germany, established in 1386. It provides degree programs at the bachelor, master, and doctoral levels. Located in Heidelberg in the state of Baden-Württemberg, the university’s wide subject spectrum in 12 faculties include the Humanities, Law, Medicine, the Social and Behavioral Sciences, the Natural Sciences, and Life Sciences. In 2019/20, the university had about 30000 students. As per the 2021 QS World University Rankings, Heidelberg University ranks 3rd in the top 10 universities in Germany and 64th worldwide.

Humboldt University of Berlin

The Humboldt University of Berlin is one of the prominent public research universities in Germany. Founded in 1810, it is the oldest of Berlin’s four universities. The main campus is situated in the central Mitte district of Berlin. The university has about 32,000 students, and it offers courses at Masters’s and Doctorate levels. Its faculties include Law, Humanities and Social sciences, Philosophy, Theology, Economics, Life sciences, and Natural sciences. According to QS World University Rankings 2021, Humboldt University of Berlin ranks 4th in the top 10 universities in Germany and 117th worldwide.

Freie University of Berlin

The Freie University of Berlin is an outstanding, future-oriented public research university in Germany with a world-class academic landscape. The Freie University was founded in 1948, and its main campus is situated in Dahlem, Berlin. Its quiet private setting offers an optimal environment to focus on learning or directing research. Ranked among the top 10 universities in Germany, it has a strong status in Humanities followed by Social Sciences. The university also had about 32,000 students in 2016. The Free University of Berlin ranks 5th in the top 10 universities in Germany and 130th worldwide, according to QS World University Rankings 2021.

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology or KIT is among the leading technical universities in Germany and Europe. It is located in Karlsruhe in the federal state of Baden-Württemberg. Originally established as Fridericiana Polytechnic Institution in 1825, it turned into a public research university in 2009. Among eleven universities, KIT was awarded as “Excellence Universities” in 2019. Regarded as the most notable institution for Technology, it also focuses on Computer Science, Engineering, Architecture, Humanities and Social Sciences, Economics, Physics, and Mathematics. The university is currently home to 25,100 students. According to QS World University Rankings 2021, KIT ranks 6th in the top 10 universities in Germany and 131th worldwide.

RWTH Aachen University

Situated in Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, RWTH Aachen University is the biggest technical university in Germany. Each year, many international students and researchers visit the university to profit from its great courses and excellent facilities provided at a global level. The university had about 47,173 students enrolled in 166 courses in 2020/21. Its faculties include Engineering, Architecture, Computer Science, Economics, Humanities, Natural Sciences, Medicine, and fine arts. As a result, KIT ranks 7th in the top 10 universities in Germany and 145th worldwide, as per the 2021 QS World University Rankings. 

Technical University of Berlin

TU Berlin, also known as The Technical University of Berlin, is one of the renowned public universities in Berlin, Germany. With over 34,500 students enrolled in more than 100 courses, TU Berlin is one of the largest technical universities in Germany. It is the first university in Germany that offers a degree in Industrial Engineering and Management. The Technical University of Berlin is an associate of TU9 and the most renowned institution for Technology.

TU Berlin ranks 8th in the top 10 universities in Germany and 148th worldwide, as per the 2021 QS World University Rankings. 

Technical University of Dresden

TUD, or the Technical University of Dresden, is one of the top 10 universities in Germany, with a student population of 32,389 in 2018. TUD is the largest university for higher education in Dresden, located in the state of Saxony. Established in 1828, TUD is also an associate of TU9. TUD has 14 faculties that include Architecture, Engineering, Computer Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Humanities and Social Sciences, Law, Economics, Philosophy, and Medicine. Its top priority research areas include Biotechnology and medical Technology, Magnetism, Material sciences, Micro and Nanotechnology. According to QS World University Rankings 2021, TUD ranks 9th in the top 10 universities in Germany and 173rd worldwide.

University of Tübingen

The University of Tübingen is one of the high-ranking public universities in Germany, situated in Tübingen city. It is one of the renowned universities in Europe for studies and research, founded in 1477. It is one of the 11 German Excellence Universities, mainly focusing on Law, Medicine, Archeology, Philosophy, Ancient cultures, Theology, Religious studies, and Artificial intelligence. The university had about 27,196 students in 2019/20. According to QS World University Rankings 2021, the University of Tübingen ranks 10th in the top 10 universities in Germany and 175th worldwide.

Symptoms of Chikungunya

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Chikungunya disease, mainly caused by a mosquito, leads to high fever and joint pains. It is first noticed in 1952 at the southern Tanzania pandemic. The name “chikungunya” came from the south Tanzania language word known as Kimakonde, which means “to become contorted,” it is said that the people will suffer joint pain with hunched appearance. It is mainly because of the ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus. It comes from the family of Togaviridae that belongs to the alphavirus type. 

Chikungunya will spread to human beings when they got an infected bite from female mosquitoes. Some of the common mosquitoes that are involved are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Mostly this kind of mosquito will spread other mosquito-related diseases like dengue. They have vigorously spread the disease during all daylight. Even they are active only in the early morning and late afternoon. 

Mainly India, Asia, and Africa are mostly affected by this disease, although European and American regions record very few cases.

Symptoms:

  • The symptoms of Chikungunya will appear between 4-5 days or in a week after the mosquito bite. 
  • It is a fatal disease. 
  • Some of the symptoms are self-limiting and will stay up to 2-3 days. 
  • The disease starts with a sign of high fever, followed by joint pain. 
  • Some other symptoms are muscle pain, headache, and rashes. 

Treatment:

  • There is no particular antivirus drug available to treat for Chikungunya.
  • There is NO Vaccination available.
  • The significant achievement for this disease can cure by antipyretic medications that reduce fever. 
  • Primary treatment will give relief from joint pain and other symptoms. 

Prevention: 

  • To prevent chikungunya pandemic, avoid skin exposing clothes during day time, using repellents can be applied to uncovered skin or clothing. 
  • Those who are sleeping in the day time, mainly children and older adults should need extra care. Use mosquito coil, and insecticide vaporizers may also prevent from indoor mosquito biting.
  • Find the Breeding source inside and outside the house (e.g., Water containers, vessels, tires, etc.), and make adequate measures to cover it by cloths to prevent the mosquito breeding.

Spotting Early Signs of Malaria

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What is Malaria?

Malaria is an infectious disease that spreads from mosquitoes to humans. This terrific disease is caused by Plasmodium Parasites. The severity of the disease varies on the basis of plasmodium species. Malaria was highly found in the tropical and subtropical regions, because its climatic condition is suitable for parasites to live. It is preventable and curable disease.

How can it infect the human?

When infected female Anopheles mosquitoes bite the humans, it input parasite into the human body. Then it reaches the liver and starts to mature and reproduce. The matured parasites start to infect the red blood cells which are the important oxygen carriers in human body. These parasites go inside the cell, then it lay eggs and multiply until the cell bursts. After cell bursting, multiple parasites again attack the remaining red blood cells. This cycle continuous for a week and later it starts to show symptoms.  By the microscopic examination of blood, this harmful disease was diagnosed.

Malaria is a non contagious disease it does not spread from human to human because it spread only due to mosquito bite. The incubation period of Plasmodium falciparum is 10-14 days. For Plasmodium vivax and other parasites the incubation period is 10 to 17 days.

Types of Parasites:

There are five types of plasmodium parasites that can infect humans. In it Plasmodium falciparum is a terrific parasite and it caused large rates of malaria deaths. Other P.vivax, P.ovale, P.knowlesi and P.malariae parasites cause malaria at low rates.

Plasmodium falciparum mostly found in tropical and sub tropical areas. Plasmodium vivax was found in Asia and Latin America. Plasmodium ovale found in Africa and Pacific islands. Plasmodium malariae found worldwide. Plasmodium knowlesi are the species highly found in Southeast Asia.

Transmission:

The female Anopheles mosquitoes are the main transmitters of malaria disease. There are more than 400 Anopheles species, among them 30 act as malaria vectors. Each species has its own aquatic habitat. Rainy season is the preferred climatic condition for mosquitoes, because it can found water anywhere. The Anopheles mosquito lays eggs in water and it need blood food for egg growth. These eggs hatch into larvae and then fastly turned into adult mosquito.

The speed of transmission depends on three factors they are

A Parasite type

In an area where the mosquito life span is long and strong human biting habit, transmission rate is very fast.

Environmental condition

The climatic conditions also sometimes become favorable for transmission. Malaria became a seasonal disease mostly after the rainy season.

Human Immunity

When human with low immunity power moved to high malaria spread area, the chance of transmission is high.

Another way of transmission occurs sometimes due to mistakes. Malaria cannot spread from one person to another but there is high chance of transmission by blood. It occurs sometime during

  • Organ transplantation
  • Blood transfusion
  • Pregnant women to babies
  • Used needles & syringes

Symptoms of Malaria :

After 10-15 days from mosquito bite, symptoms usually occur. Early stages of symptoms are

  • Fever and chills
  • Headache
  • Tiredness
  • Vomiting

If treatment is not properly taken, it becomes severe. In severe cases the symptoms are anemia, seizures, yellow skin, kidney failure, low blood sugar, coma and finally death will occur.

How to Prevent from Malaria :

To prevent and reduce malaria transmission, first we have to stop mosquito entry into house, offices, schools and public places. Some points below are the preventive measures should be taken by every human to escape from mosquito bite.

  • Using mosquito net
  • Using Mosquito repellant
  • Spraying insecticides
  • Draining of stagnant water

Antimalarial Medications:

Some medicines are recommended for travelers, pregnant women’s and infants to prevent malaria in high transmission area. Chemoprophylaxis recommended for travelers and Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine prescribed for both pregnant women’s and infants.

Some other medicines used for malaria treatment are mefloquine, lumefantrine, quinine, doxycycline, chloroquine and primaquine. The only vaccine available to prevent malaria is RTS, S, it requires four injections and its performance is very low. Due to its low performance, WHO not permitted to use this vaccine for babies of 6 to 12 weeks.

Diagnosis of Malaria:

For malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, the best treatment is Artemisinin based combination therapy (ACT). Malaria diagnosis can be done either by microscopy or rapid diagnostic test. While seeing the blood of the infected persons through microscope, the parasites can be identified easily. Only this type of diagnosis test is available in many places and countries. Rapid diagnostic tests give immediate results.

Highly Affected Countries:

Even after the US eradicated malaria, it seen more than 1700 malaria cases every year due to immigrants and travelers from countries of high malaria infection. From the year 2015 to 2018, more than 200 million malaria cases occurred worldwide. Children below age 5 are highly affected by this disease.

Worldwide, malaria sufferers were the most prevalent during the year 2018. Through worldwide there were 228 million malaria cases and death was estimated about 405,000. Moreover, the African WHO region suffered excessive vulnerability. It faced 93% of malaria cases and 94% of malaria deaths. Two main reasons for high malaria cases in Africa are the African vector species long life span and strong human biting habit.

In 2018, the malaria cases due to Plasmodium falciparum are

  • 99.7% in WHO African region
  • 50% in South East Asia region
  • 71% in Eastern Mediterranean region
  • 65% in Western Pacific region

On the other hand, Plasmodium vivax represents 70% of malaria cases in WHO American region. On 2018, more than half of malaria cases in worldwide found in six countries. They are Nigeria (25%), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (12%), Uganda (5%), Côte d’Ivoire (4%), Mozambique (4%) and Niger (4%). On 2018, the funding for malaria control estimation reached US $2.7 billion.

Early Signs of Ebola Virus – Fever to Hemorrhage

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Ebola virus disease is also known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever. It is a severe and deadly disease that affects humans and animals. This virus is transmitted to humans by wild animals like fruit bats, porcupines, and other animals. They spread the virus to the human population through direct contact with the blood, saliva, organs, or other physical fluids of the affected person, as well as surface and material like bedding and clothing.

The average death rate of EVD is 50%, and the previous outbreak death rate differs from 25-90%. The first EVD outbreak has happened at interior villages in Central Africa, close to tropical rainforests. Since this virus was discovered in 1976, the worst Ebola outbreak occurred in West Africa during 2014-2016. There was more number of death and affected people when compared to other disasters. The virus started to spread worldwide from Guinea, affecting across land borders to Sierra Leone and Liberia. The natural Ebola virus hosts are from the Pteropodidae family that is from fruit bats. 

Symptoms

  • The time takes to show the symptom from the Ebola-affected person is nearly 2-21 days.
  • The symptoms of Ebola include: 
  • Fever, tiredness, muscle ache, headache, and sore throat ,followed  by  vomiting, diarrhea, itchiness, kidney and liver damage, and internal and external bleeding are in some cases.
  • The laboratory developed some symptoms such as the platelet and white blood cell count decreases and elevated liver enzymes.
  • It is hard to analyze clinically between Ebola and other diseases like malaria, typhoid fever. The series of the test has to be done to confirm the occurrence of the virus.  

TREATMENT AND PREVENTION

The person cannot spread this virus until they develop any symptoms. 

  • There is no proven treatment for Ebola, but the chance of survival is more if treated at the early stage. 
  • Guinea, (a country in West Africa) in 2015 has proved a vaccine rVSV-ZEBOV against Ebola that showed a significant effective result.
  • They can rehydrate the fluids and body salts orally or intravenously.
  • They are provided with a particular treatment for symptoms like low blood pressure, vomiting, diarrhea, and infections.
  • They provide treatment consisting of blood products, immune treatment, and drug therapies that are presently being evaluated.
  • One of the MOST EFFECTIVE ways to prevent the spread of the Ebola virus is to practice HAND HYGIENE.
  • This vaccine is used during the Democratic Republic of the Congo outbreak using a ring immunization procedure.
  • During the pandemic, experts will follow the affected person’s case management, contact history, laboratory testing, and safe burials. 
  • To control the spread of Ebola, people should not work in groups and avoid going to public gatherings. 

West Africa’s Deadly Threat – Lassa Fever

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Lassa Fever

Lassa fever is caused by the Lassa virus (part of the arenavirus family), which is a severe viral hemorrhagic illness. Humans are mainly affected by this virus by using the contaminated food containing urine and excretion of infected Mastomys rats. This disease is commonly present in the rodent population in parts of West Africa.  

Countries affected : 

 Lassa fever is mostly present in West African countries, namely Sierra Leone, Togo, Nigeria, Liberia, Ghana, Mali, and Benin.

Contagious :

The virus spreads transmit from person to person and through laboratory infection due to  lack of control measures. The mortality rate is 1%. Among patients who are hospitalized with severe clinical presentation of Lassa fever, case-fatality is estimated at around 15% . Quick analysis and fast treatment could improve survival. Nearly 80% of people infected with Lassa fever are asymptomatic. Health Experts say, about 1 in 5 people having lassa fever will be affected severely, and it will damage various organs in our body like liver, spleen, and kidneys.

Symptoms

  1. The period of incubation for Lassa fever takes 2-20 days.
  2. The symptoms start with fever, body pain and weakness followed by headache, painful throat, chest pain, vomiting, diarrhea, cough, and stomach.
  3. In severe cases, the patient may feel a facial bulge, liquid in the lung infection, bleeding from the nostrils, mouth, vagina, and Low BP.
  4. The patient may diagnose with protein in the urine get worse effects, for instance, shock, seizures, tremor, disorientation, and coma. 
  5. It also leads to deafness even in the patient who recovered 25%. 
  6. Temporary hair loss and gait disturbance may occur at the time of recovery.
  7. In severe cases, death may occur in 14 days. 

Pregnant Ladies

Pregnant ladies suffering severe from this fever may lead to death and foetal loss in more than 80% of cases in the third trimester.

Treatment

  1. There is no proven vaccination for Lassa fever.
  2. For the evaluated treatment for Lassa fever, antiviral drug ribavirin suggested in all countries for effective recovery.
  3. It has been evaluated by providing a range of potential medication as well as immune therapies and drug therapies.
  4. There is no proven evidence in the role of ribavirin in the treatment of Lassa fever.

Prevention

  1. Prevention from Lassa fever is from educating the people for community hygiene.
  2. Should take measures to avoid rodents entering the house. 
  3. Use rodent-proof containers to store foods. 
  4. Keep the house clean and neatly by disposing of waste foods far away from home.
  5. Teach your family members to stay safe while taking care of a sick person.

Warning Signs of NIPAH Virus

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Nipah virus is a Zoonotic, transmitted from animal to human. The infected people will suffer from a series of illnesses, including severe respiratory infections and mortal encephalitis. Nipah virus affects animals like pigs leads to significant economic losses for farmers. The death rate of the Nipah virus may range from 40-75%. The natural host of the Nipah virus is from the Pteropodidae family of fruit bats. There are only a few known epidemics in Asia. It affected a large number of animals and caused death in both animals and humans. This disease was first found in 1999 by the pig farmers of Malaysia and followed by Bangladesh in 2001. 

Symptoms:

  1. The period of incubation for the Nipah virus takes 4-14 days. 
  2. Infected people initially suffer from fever headaches, Muscle pain, vomiting, and painful throat.
  3. Followed by giddiness, tiredness, tainted consciousness, and neurological signs that show acute encephalitis.
  4. In severe cases, it may lead to a coma within 24-48 hours. 
  5. Some people may also suffer from unusual pneumonia and severe lung problems, with acute respiratory pain.

Diagnosis:

  1. Initially, there is no specific symptom seen in the persons affected by the virus; it creates challenges at the time of the outbreak and controls the timely infection. 
  2. Nipah virus is diagnosed during the acute and convalescent phases of the disease.
  3. The absolute accuracy of the test can be seen in a polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test from physical fluids and antibody findings via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  4. Another simple test is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Transmission:

  1. At the time of first identification of this disease in Malaysia and Singapore, Where most of the human is infected directly in contact with sick pigs or their infected tissues. 
  2. Humans can also be affected by the excretion of pigs or insecure contact with the tissue of a sick animal.
  3. While the pandemic outbreaks in Bangladesh and India are infected by having fruits and fruit products containing saliva from infected fruit bats were the primary source of infection.
  4. Human to human infection takes place while taking care of contagious patients.
  5. AT the significant outbreak in Bangladesh and India, Human to human transmission spreads due to the excretion of human waste in the environment. 
  6. InSiliguri, India, in 2001, the transmission is as recorded 75%, whereas it affected mainly the health care workers at hospitals. 
  7. From 2001 to 2008, half of the reported cases in Bangladesh were primarily the health care providers and visitors

Treatment :

  1. Till now, there is no specific drug or vaccine to treat the Nipah virus. 
  2. WHO recognized Nipah as a priority disease. 
  3. Timely care and immediate treatment should be provided to control the spread and death rate.
  4. According to the past experience at the time of outbreak at pig farms in 1999, a regular cleaning with proper disinfectant and using detergent will reduce the effect of the Nipah virus.

Prevention :

  1. If the disease is suspected with animal, then immediately that particular animal should be quarantine to decrease the spread. 
  2. Close monitoring the animal and well cared at the time of burial.
  3. Baning the movement of the infected animal near the farm area to reduce the spread of the disease. 
  4. Proper awareness education to the people about the virus is mandatory.
  5. Even the freshly collected fruits should be cleaned, boiled, and peel it before consumption.
  6. Fruits with an indication of the bat’s sign must be avoided.
  7. Gloves and other protective measures should be given to doctors while treating infected and sick animals.
  8. Hand hygiene maintenance is necessary after visiting infectious patients.
  9. Health-care workers taking care of patients with suspected infection, or handling specimens from them, should apply routine infection control precautions at all times.

Alert !! Early Warning Signs of Zika Virus

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ZIKA VIRUS is a disease caused by mosquitoes that bite during day time. ZIKA VIRUS is initially identified in Uganda in 1947 in monkeys. It is a mosquito-borne-disease called flavivirus. After that, it was recognized in humans in 1952 in Uganda. A major epidemic of ZIKA VIRUS has occurred in Africa, the Americas, Asia, and the Pacific. The first outbreak recorded at the Island of Yap in 2007. French Polynesia then follows it in 2013, 2015, in Brazil.  Nearly 86 countries were affected by ZIKA VIRUS

Sign and Symptoms:

  • The period of incubation for ZIKA VIRUS takes 3-14 days. 
  • A large number of people do have any symptoms.
  • The symptoms start with mild, including fever, skin complaint, pink eye, muscle, and joint ache, depression, and headache, and generally stay for 2–7 days.

Complications of ZIKA virus disease:

  • For pregnant ladies, the ZIKA virus causes microcephaly and further innate abnormalities in the developing fetus and newborn.
  • It also affects them with dangerous complaints like fetal loss, stillbirth, and preterm birth.  
  • It may cause Guillain-Barré syndrome, nerve damage, and spine problem, mainly in adults and children.
  • The experts are developing to reduce the effects of the ZIKA virus against children and pregnancy outcome.

Transmission: 

  • The bite of an infected mosquito can transmit the ZIKA virus, mainly the Aedes genus, Aedes aegypti, in the tropical region.
  • These mosquitoes usually bite in day time only.
  • These are the dame mosquito that spread other viral diseases like dengue, Chikungunya, and yellow fever.
  • Zika virus can be spread from mother to fetus also by sexual contact, transfer of blood, and organ transplantation.

Diagnosis:

  • We can Diagnosis the Zika virus only based on the symptoms of the person.
  • Generally, the Diagnosis of the ZIKA virus confirmed by a laboratory blood test or urine or semen test.

Treatment:

  • Till now, there is no specific treatment available for the ZIKA virus.
  • The symptoms of the ZIKA virus are not very severe. It will have fever, itchiness, should be rest, should drink more water and juices, and should provide treatment for fever and pain with generic medicines.
  • If you have a severe stage of infection, then you should get immediate advice from a doctor.

Prevention:

Prevention from Mosquito bite:

  • The primary protection from the ZIKA virus is to get protected from a mosquito bite.
  • Should provide proper clothing that covers the full body and keep the doors and windows closed and apply mosquito repellent on the skin to prevent biting.
  • Children and pregnant ladies must sleep undernet in the day and evening time.
  • Travelers near the pandemic area should follow the above mentioned preventive measures to keep self-protected. 
  • Another vital thing to do is prevent mosquito breeding like covering the water storage places and cleaning the standing water area. Regular cleaning of wastes and trash.
  • The government should take necessary action to stop mosquito breeding in the pandemic area to prevent the spread.

Transmission in pregnancy: 

The severe effects in pregnant ladies result in loss of fetus and miscarriage and affect the infant-like smaller the standard head size that is known as ZIKA syndrome.

  • It may cause loss of brain development in children, and it may lead to brain damage.
  • It also may cause other malformation, hearing, and site problems.
  • The infection at the time of pregnancy remains unknown.
  • Nearly 5-15% of children born with ZIKA infection as they are affected by the ZIKA virus during pregnancy.
  • They have malformation, both pregnant ladies with or without symptoms.

Sexual Transmission:   

  • ZIKA virus can be transmitted through sexual intercourse also.
  • This is mainly because of the connection between ZIKA virus infection and poor pregnancy and fetal outcomes.
  • WHO will recommend providing proper education for both men and women about the disease.
  • Women who have had unprotected sex should need to consult the doctor immediately.
  • The region with no ZIKA virus disease, which will recommend safer sex to prevent themselves from the disease.

Baklava to Basbousa – Enchanting Arabic Dessert

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Cheese Kunafah

Most indulging Arabian dessert shine like golden threads and taste’s Yummy. Cheese Kunafah is made up of Granulated Sugar, Rosewater, Fresh Lemon Juice, Orange blossom water, Whipping cream, Semolina, Cornstarch, Cheese. The main ingredients of this Arabic dessert are Milk, Semolina, and Cheese.

Riz Bel Haleeb

Unlike Traditional Rice pudding, Riz Bel Haleeb is flavored with Rosewater, Orange blossom water. The Ingredients used to prepare this delicious Arabic dessert are Rice, Milk, Rosewater, Corn starch, Pistachios.

Othmaliye

Othmaliye gets its name from the Ottoman Empire period. This special Arabian dessert is made for Sultans on special occasions. Nowadays, Othmaliye is a common dessert made in the festival time of Ramadan in Arabian countries. This Arabian dessert is made up of Prepared with Milk, Sugar, Cornflour,  Curd, Orange Blossom Water, Butter, Knafeh pastry, and Pistachios.

Halawet El Jebben

It is a Sweets rolls made with cheese, also known as Arabic sweet rolls. The origin of this dessert is from the Middle East. Halawet El Jebben is made up of Sugar, Milk, Rosewater, Blossom water, Cheese, Semolina.

Katayef Kashta

It is a Small rolled Pancake filled with Cream, Milk, It tastes so good. Yummy Lebanese dessert Katayef Kashta is made up of Milk, Flour, Corn Starch, Baking soda, Semolina, Orange blossom water, Yeast, White vinegar, and Pistachio.

Kunafa Bil Jebn

Popular dessert in Middle east taste heavenly, also known as the golden deserts of Middle East. Kunafa Bil Jebn is a dessert made up of Kadayif noodles, cheese, and Sugar syrup, rich butter, Pistachios.

Rice Pudding

Rice Pudding is a popular dessert in more countries, but the special secret making of Arab style is different and Unique. The pudding is made with rice and milk. This delicious dish is made with Rice, creamy Milk, Sugar, Corn Starch, Vanilla, Rosewater, Nuts, Honey, and Chocolate.

Meghli

Traditional Lebanese delicious dessert made with rice pudding, cinnamon, added with nuts, coconut, Anise seeds, Almonds, Walnuts. Meghli is prepared to celebrate the birth of the child in the family. Mostly this Nutritious Meghli dessert made at the time of Christmas celebrations

Date Pudding

The original name of this Arabic dessert is Date Aseeda. It is made up of flour, milk, and dates. The preparation of this Arab dessert is a very simple yet healthier choice of desserts with a more nutritious flavor. Ingredients used in this dessert are Butter, Flour, Sugar, Cardamom and Cinnamon Powder, Milk, and Saffron. Specially made in Eid to celebrate with the family

Lugaimat

Famous and Traditional Middle eastern Arabic dessert made with flour, cornflour, yeast, baking powder, oil, honey, yellow food color. Lugaimat is a deep-fried dough with insane taste. Don’t miss out on this Arabic dessert while you are dining in Arabian restaurants. It’s worth it !!


Famous Middle East Creme Dessert Rice Pudding

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Rice Pudding

Rice Pudding is a prominent and traditional dessert prepare by stewing rice in whole fat milk and sugar. It is prepared in numerous nations throughout the world with their favored assortment of rice and seasoning fixings. So the flavor of the rice pudding contrasts from one locale to another. Rice Pudding dishes eaten for either desserts or meals.

When made as a dessert, the Rice Pudding recipe is generally improved with a sweetener such as sugar and flavored with common ingredients like cinnamon, nutmeg, vanilla, almond, and raisins.

Rice Pudding Varieties:

Baked Rice Pudding

Baked Rice Pudding is a rich, creamy, and delicious homemade pudding recipe. This old-fashioned rice pudding recipe is thicker and has a custard-like texture on top. It’s commonly made with cooked rice and baked in the oven. 

Baked Rice Pudding can be prepare by mixing beaten eggs, milk, cream, sugar, vanilla extract, and salt in a large bowl. Then combine cooked rice, cinnamon, and raisins and stir well. This mixture is finally poured into a casserole dish and cook it in a water bath or bake in an oven.

Kozy Shack Rice Pudding

Kozy Shack Rice Pudding is a sweet and creamy rice pudding that is so easy to make. Kozy Shack Rice Pudding dish contains milk, white rice, sugar, butter, salt, cinnamon vanilla extract, and eggs.

Kozy Shack Rice Pudding preparation begins by mixing milk, sugar, butter, white rice, salt, cinnamon, and vanilla extract in a large pan and cooking medium-low heat. Constantly stir the mixture until the rice becomes a little mushy. Next, a cup of warm rice pudding is taken from the mixture and combine with egg yolk. This mixture is finally put into the pan, and stir it well. Next, turn off the heat and refrigerate the rice pudding. Enjoy this Kozy Shack Rice Pudding recipe excellent with fruits or freshly grated nutmeg.

Almond Milk Rice Pudding

Almond Milk Rice Pudding is a Middle Eastern creamy dessert recipe. It’s a gluten-free, egg-free, and dairy-free rice pudding recipe perfectly suitable for vegans. It is also a homemade low-calorie dessert that goes well for breakfast.

The Almond milk rice pudding recipe contains rice, sugar, salt, and almond milk. All these ingredients are put in a pan and cooked on low heat. Cook until the almond milk is fully absorbed. Add rose water or ground cinnamon or vanilla extract or raisins for flavorings. Serve this almond milk rice pudding with almond chopping and other dry fruits. Eat this mouth-watering rice pudding dish, either hot or cold.

Coconut Milk Rice Pudding

Coconut Milk Rice Pudding is a rich and creamy rice pudding recipe popular across many continents. The coconut milk and vanilla extract utilized in this recipe add fantastic flavor to this rice pudding. Preparation of this rice pudding is effortless. 

Coconut milk, condensed milk, rice, vanilla extract are combined in a saucepan and cooked in medium heat. Stir it frequently, and then add sugar and ground cinnamon to that pudding. Cook it until the rice becomes mashy, and coconut milk absorbs. Add beaten eggs added if required. Use mango, raspberries, strawberry, and other fruits for toppings. Enjoy this creamy coconut milk rice pudding, either warm or cold.

Mexican Rice Pudding

Mexican rice pudding, also called Arroz con Leche, is an ultra-creamy, soft and simple dessert recipe. Mexican rice pudding traditionally prepares using few ingredients, including long or short-grain rice, sugar, milk, and cinnamon sticks.

Rice, water, salt, and cinnamon sticks are combined in a saucepan and cooked in medium-low heat until the water evaporates. There is a significant variation in the milk used for this recipe. Some use whole milk or evaporated milk or condensed milk and, some use a combination of these three. Pour the milk into the saucepan and stir it well. Then add sugar, vanilla extract, and raisins and continue cooking until the rice pudding has reached the thick consistency. Turn off the heat and serve Mexican rice pudding, hot or cold, with a sprinkle of ground cinnamon.

Instant Pot Rice Pudding 

Instant pot rice pudding is a delicious and creamy dessert recipe. It’s a quicker and easier homemade rice pudding dish made using a pressure cooker or instant pot.

Add rice, milk, water, sugar, and salt to the inner steel pot and stir the mixture well. Then press the porridge setting button and set the time. As the cooking time completes, open the lid after the pressure release. Add vanilla extract, ground nutmeg, and ground cinnamon and stir it well. This Instant Pot Rice Pudding is ready for serving, topped with sliced almonds and raisins. Enjoy this creamy rice pudding as hot or cool.

Vegan Rice Pudding

Vegan Rice Pudding is one of the creamy and delicious desserts which is dairy-free. This rice pudding recipe is made with coconut milk or almond milk and flavored with cinnamon and vanilla extract.

Rice, coconut or almond milk, salt, vanilla extract, cinnamon, nutmeg, and raisins are required to make this vegan homemade rice pudding. It is effortless to make. Place a pot on the stove, add all the ingredients. Mix all the ingredients well and bring to a boil. As the rice get thickens, stir it continuously until the rice is thoroughly cooking. Remove from the stove and add favorite toppings like raisins, cinnamon, and nutmeg for a deliciously cozy flavor. Serve this vegan rice pudding either warm or chill.

Slow Cooker Rice Pudding

Rice pudding dish is prepared by cooking over the stove or baking in the oven. However, using a slow cooker for the rice pudding recipe is one of the different methods that work great. Slow cooker rice pudding prepares a rich and creamy dessert that is perfect for serving hot or cold. 

Put the rice, milk, sugar, butter, and vanilla extract in the slow cooker pot. Add a little nutmeg or cinnamon, if required. Mix it slightly and cover it with the lid. Cook on low flame until the rice becomes creamy and tender. 

Salted Caramel Rice Pudding

Salted Caramel Rice Pudding is a creamy, buttery, and simply delicious dessert. A combination of rice pudding with caramel sauce gives a fantastic taste. 

For rice pudding, put rice, milk, sugar, salt, egg (if required), and vanilla extract in a large saucepan and stir it well. Cook them at low flame until the rice turns soft, and milk absorbs. For making salted caramel sauce, take sugar, butter, heavy cream, and salt in another saucepan. Stir it constantly, and cook until the sugar melts and turns into brown color. Remove from heat as it gets creamy texture and mixes this salted caramel sauce with the rice pudding. While serving, drizzle a spoon of caramel sauce on top of the pudding.

Old Fashioned Rice Pudding

The old-Fashioned Rice Pudding recipe is a creamy, comforting, quick snack or dessert easily prepare on the stovetop. It tastes just like the Kozy Shack Rice Pudding.

Combine rice, milk, sugar, and salt in a large saucepan and cook in medium heat. Stir constantly as the mixture starts to boil. Turn off the heat after the rice is fully cooked and looks creamy. Stir in vanilla extract, cinnamon, egg butter, and raisins into this rice pudding. Serve this rice pudding warm or refrigerate and serve cold. Sprinkle little cinnamon on top of the pudding for extra flavor while serving.

Crockpot Rice Pudding

Crock Pot Rice Pudding is fantastic with improved delicate rice and daintily seasoned with luscious brown sugar and cinnamon! It’s a simple homemade rice pudding recipe.

Preparation starts by adding butter into the crockpot; after it melts completely, combine rice, milk, sugar, salt, vanilla extract, brown sugar, and cinnamon. Stir it well and cover the crockpot with the lid. Cook on low for about hours. When the rice pudding is thick, it is ready for serving. Stir it well, then top the rice pudding with a sprinkling of raisins and cinnamon.

Custard Rice Pudding

Custard Rice Pudding is one of the old fashion rice puddings that brings creamy and enough sweetness. 

Custard Rice Pudding preparation starts by adding cooked rice, beaten eggs, sugar, salt, milk, vanilla extract, and raisins to whisk together. Pour mixture into a lightly buttered casserole and sprinkle with ground nutmeg or cinnamon. Place in a pan contains hot water. Bake in an oven for hours until set. Serve this delicious custard rice pudding warm or cold.

Rice Pudding with Condensed Milk

Rice pudding with condensed milk is one of the most luxurious rice desserts, easy to prepare. This condensed milk rice pudding is soft, creamy, sweet, and comfort food.

In a large saucepan, combine rice, salt, and water. Bring to boil, lower the heat and simmer, until the rice cooked perfectly. In a bowl, combine the condensed milk, whole milk, cinnamon, raisins, and nutmeg. Pour into the rice and stir it well. As the rice pudding turns soft and creamy, remove from heat and serve it with favorite toppings.

Rice Pudding from Leftover Rice

Rice pudding prepare with leftover rice is a delicious classic. Leftover rice pudding looks rich and creamy, and eat it as a sweet breakfast or dessert.

The leftover rice pudding recipe is quickly cooked at home on a stovetop. Combine rice, sugar, milk, and salt in a saucepan and bring to a simmer. Cover and cook until the rice fully absorbs the liquid. As it reaches a pudding-like texture, please remove it from heat. Stir in vanilla extract and serve with desired toppings of cinnamon or nutmeg, or maple syrup.

Stovetop Rice Pudding

Rice pudding is a mix of rice, milk, sugar, eggs, and other spices. It can be either cook on a stove or in an oven. Hence, Stovetop rice pudding is one of the simple methods for homemade rice puddings.

Combine rice, water, and salt in a saucepan and bring it to a boil. Reduce the heat after water is absorbed. Stir in milk and sugar, cover with the lid and cook in medium heat until the rice gets thickens. Stir in butter and remove the saucepan from heat. Serve it warm or cold, with a sprinkle of cinnamon and fresh fruits if desired.

Creamy Rice Pudding

Creamy Rice Pudding infused with a flavor of cinnamon and raisins is just heavenly!! It’s an effortless, homemade, coziest, most comforting dessert of all!

Take rice, water, and salt in a saucepan and bring to boil. Add milk, sugar, and salt, stir it well and cook until the mixture thickens slightly and becomes creamy. Then, whisk together egg and milk, and add some hot rice into the egg mixture to temper the egg. Add this tempered egg into the rice pudding and stir in raisins, nutmeg, cinnamon, butter, and vanilla. For an extra creamy version, add whipped cream in chilled rice pudding.

Banana Rice Pudding

Banana Rice Pudding is dairy-free, but the ripe banana, rice, and milk make it so creamy and rich. Rice pudding is a healthy alternative to processed flour desserts easily made at home.

In a large saucepan, combine rice, salt, and water and bring to a boil. Please wait until it becomes semi-solid without more watery content. In a separate saucepan, bring milk, sugar, vanilla, cinnamon to a simmer. Add the cooked rice and cook at low heat until rice absorbs milk and the mixture starts to get thick. Stir vanilla and the mashed bananas into the pudding. Enjoy it hot or cold with banana toppings and a sprinkling of cinnamon.

Cheesecake Rice Pudding

Cheesecake rice pudding comes along as one of the delicious dessert recipes. This fantastic rice pudding is homemade, and the cheese gives an extra creamy texture to this dish.

Pour cooked rice, sugar, and salt into a large pot. Stir constantly over medium heat. Take beaten eggs in a separate bowl, add hot pudding and whisk together to temper the eggs. Add the tempered egg mixture into the cooking pot. Add vanilla and softened cubes of cream cheese into the hot pudding. Add the powdered sugar and stir continuously until the cheese melts. Serve it hot or cold with delicious toppings.

FAQ

Where does rice pudding originate?

Rice pudding was originated in China, which has a rice culture from ancient days. Nowadays, rice pudding is a typical dish in many countries throughout the world.

What are the ingredients need to make rice pudding?

Rice pudding is a traditional dessert made of rice, milk, or water and sugar. Topped with some nuts and fruits and flavored with cinnamon, vanilla extract, and nutmeg.

How to make vegan rice pudding?

Vegan rice pudding is similar to other rice puddings, which contain rice, milk, and sugar. However, vegan rice puddings have coconut milk or almond milk instead of using cow milk. Hence it is gluten-free, egg-free, and dairy-free and perfectly suits vegetarians.

How to make rice pudding in the oven?

Place rice and raisins in a greased casserole. Whisk together egg, milk, sugar, and nutmeg in a small bowl and pour over rice. Bake, uncovered, at 375° or until a knife inserted in the center comes out clean.

Is rice pudding gets thicken as it cools?

Yes. Rice puddings get thicken as it cools. So before serving, add a little more milk to make it thin.

Does rice pudding is good for weight loss?

Rice pudding is a simple and healthy diet for breakfast. There is much variety of rice used for the pudding recipe. Hence choosing rice containing high fiber and nutrients is good for weight loss. On the other hand, Brown rice contains more fiber and nutrients; therefore, it helps weight loss and maintains healthy body weight.

Unveiling the Delights of Arabic Sweets

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Maamoul

Maamoul is a date-filled Hygenic cookie deliciously prepared in middle eastern Arabic countries. Maamoul is ready to serve at the end of Ramadan (the holy festival of Muslims worldwide) to celebrate with friends & family. In addition, Christians in the middle eastern countries prepare Maamoul at the time of Easter celebrations. Thus, Maamoul is an authentic and healthy festival-time snack made in traditional ways.

The preparations take around a day to make this delicious middle eastern dessert. The ingredients used o prepare this Arabic sweet includes Pure Medool (Original Dates), All type purpose flour, Cornstarch, Pistachios, Rosewater, Cinnamon powder, Sugar, baking soda. Maamoul is of three types Date filled, Walnut Filled, and Pistachios Filled. Most of the sweet and dessert shops in the Middle easter countries have Maamoul on their Menu !!

Arabian Baklava

Arabian Baklava is the most popular dessert in middle eastern countries such as Iraq, Turkey, and Arabian. This delightful Arabic sweet is originated in the time of the ancient Ottoman Period.

The preparation of baklava starts by adding sugar, honey, and water mix well until it becomes a syrup. Then, add Cinnamon powder, Almonds, Nuts, Pistachio, Walnut, Powdered Sugar, and Butter for the stuffing inside the baklava.  Can store up this delicious Arabian baklava for ten days. Baklava is an Arabic veggie sweet with rich nutrients.

Rahat Lokum

Rahat Lokum is believed to the originated from a village in Turkey named Bahcekapi. This Turkish dish is more prevalent in Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Tunisia, Kuwait, and other Middle Eastern countries. Rahat Lokum is Kids friendly Arabic sweet. Rahat Lokum contains Sugar syrup, Corn starch, Pistachios, Dates, and Nuts.

Rahat Lokum Arabic sweet is prepared by adding sugar syrup with corn starch and squeed with lemon. The dough is mixed well with sugar syrup and rosewater, orange blossoms, food color essence, and leave it cool until it tightens.

Kunafeh

Kunafeh, Kunafa, Kunafesh, or Konafi is the most famous Arabic sweet in middle eastern countries such as Levant, Egypt, Turkey, Greece, and Palestinian. Kunafeh’s main ingredient is cheese.

Kunafeh sweet contains sugar syrup, Kunafah dough, Milk, Ghee or butter, rosewater, cheese, and pistachios. Kunafeh is prepared using butter applied in the frying pan and mixes it well with Kunafah dough until it gets soft. Then the cheese is added to the top of the kunafah dough and heat until it gets golden brown color. After few mins of cool down, add pistachios and sugar syrup to the top of the Kunafeh to make it Yummy Yummy !!!

Qatayef

Qatayef, Katayef or qata” if is the middle eastern Arabic sweet deliciously prepared in the month of holy Ramadan. Qatayef, the Arabic dessert origin, dates backs to 1258 CE. Consequently, it was mentioned in the ancient cooking book of Arabs.

Now let’s see how this delicious middle easter sweet is prepared. Qatayef contains All purpose flour, Semolina, Baking powder, Milk Powder, Milk, Yeast, Sugar, Dates, Walnuts, Hazelnuts, Pistachios, Rosewater, and Cinnamon powder are mixed well in a container with warm water and whisps until it without lump heads. After a few minutes, the sugar syrup is added to the top of the dish and heated until thick. That’s it !!

Nammoura

Nammoura, Basbousa, Hrisi, or Semolina cake is a tasty Arabic sweet prepared using semolina. Although Nammoura is a more common dessert in Egypt, it has various names in different countries in the middle east.

The Nammoura cake recipe includes semolina, fine semolina, butter, Almonds, baking soda, baking powder, yogurt, and sugar syrup made using lemon and rosewater. Semolina cake is baked with all the above ingredients. The final touch is given with honey poured on top of the baked semolina. Don’t forget to taste this semolina cake on your Arab trip !!!!

Bulbul

Bulbul Nest or bird’s nest is a must-try sweet in middle eastern countries. It is also called a Bird’s nest Baklava. Bulbul Arabic sweet is made with strings of Knafek dough. The Place of origin is Syria.

The Bulbul nest baklava is prepared using dry knafeh dough shortened by 6 inches short, then pasted with butter and rolled in two fingers to the shape of a bird’s nest. Then the rolled knafeh dough is baked for around an hour and added with Sugar syrup, Cashew, Pistachios. Bulbul nest or bird’s nest sweet is the smallest in the middle eastern countries and more popular among kids.

Balloria Baklava

Balloria Baklava is a sweet prepared with butter or ghee, kunafa dough, and pistachios, The preparation of this balloria baklava starts with adding butter to the kunafa dough. Conversely, pistachios are crushed with other nuts to make inside stuffing to prepare these delicious Arabic sweets.

The Kunafah dough is spread in the box with the coatings of butter, and crushed pistachios are bulged with kunafa dough and baked until it turs golden brown color. Then finally, in the top of the Balloria Baklava, added the sugar syrup.

Boukaj Baklawa

Boukaj Baklawa is a famous Lebanese dessert made with nuts, cardamom, sugar syrup, orange water, butter, walnuts, pistachios, and cinnamon powder. It is perfect for an evening snack item.

The preparation of this boukaj Baklawa is done in three different stages. Stage 1 is preparing the sugar syrup with lemon, and orange juice is stirred in a bowl until it gets thick. Stage 2, All-purpose dough is mixed well with butter and milk powder and kept for drying. Stage 3, For fillings, pistachios, nuts, almonds, cashew grinded with sugar syrup and bulged in the dough. Let the dough be baked for around 20 mins to taste this delicious Boukaj Baklawa.

Kol-W-Shkor

Kol-W-Shkor is the traditional sweet of Syria. It is made with Knafah dough, pistachios, sugar syrup,  available in most Arabic countries globally.

This flaky and famous middle eastern dessert is made with dough, butter and topped with pistachios and sugar syrup. It is also called Baklava Nuts, made with Pistachios. Its taste splendid, along with Tea. The ingredients used to prepare this sweet are Pistachio, Flour, Cornstarch, Sugar, Ghee, Vegetable Oil, and Soy Flour.

Basbousa

Basbousa, also called haresh, revani. Originated at the time of the Ottoman period and most popular in Egypt and Turkey. Basbousa Sweet cake is made up of semolina.

The preparation starts with adding semolina, yogurt, honey, sugar, ghee, baking powder, almonds, shredded coconut, and milk. Semolina is mixed with butter or ghee and blended until it comes without lumps, and then coconut powder, milk, vanilla essence is added too. On the other side, sugar syrup is made with the usual formula and spilled on top of the baked Basbousa.

Balah El sham

Balah El sham, also known as Turkish Tulumba, is the Ovid-shaped sweet traditionally famous in Iran. Balah El Sham originates from the ancient Ottoman empire period. Balah or Tulumba is enjoyed at the Iftar party at the Ramadan festival.

Balah, the arabic sweet, is prepared using dough, sugar syrup, semolina, starch, eggs. The ingredients are added and mixed well until it becomes thick paste. Then the dough is filled in the piping bag. The mixed dough is fried in a pan with oil and dipped in the sugar syrup for about 2 minutes.

Bagarkhani

Bagarkhani also known as bakar is a spiced arabic sweet spreaded flatbread. Bagarkhani is prepared at the time of muslim festivals in the middle eastern countries. Bagarkhani is also known as sweet heart cookies.

This fabulous arabic sweet is made with all purpose flour, semolina, saffron, ghee. The preparation starts with Puff Pastry dough is mix along with sugar and milk , then added with cardomom, almonds. The dough is falttened and poured with sugar by streching in a sheet of dough with other ingredients .One of the must eat arabic dessert to taste with your buds !!

Phenni

Phenni is a crispy layered Arabic sweet dish. Phenni is prepared using all-purpose dough, salt, ghee, and sugar syrup.

The preparation started with all-purpose dough added with ghee and a little salt and kept aside until it became softy. On the other side, ghee is added with flour and pasted in the soft flattened dough and ripped into nine pieces, and rolled. Then it is fried in the oil with medium heat until it comes golden brown color. Finally, the dough is dipped inside the sugar syrup for about 2 to 3 minutes before eating.